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Lebanon is located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the Middle East. It is bound by Syria to the North and East, Israel to the South and the Mediterranean Sea to the West. It is four-fifths the size of Connecticut.

The country can be divided into four topographical regions:
1] The coastal plain which is a narrow strip in the north.
2] The coastal mountain range or Lebanon Mountains which are a series of crests and ridges.
3] The Central Plateau which consists of the Syrian Plain and part of the Biqa valley.
4] The eastern mountain range which comprises the remainder of the Biqa Valley and rises to form the Jabal ash Sharqi or Anti-Lebanon Mountains as well as the Jabal ash Shaikh or Mt. Hermon, which forms the eastern border with Syria.

Environment current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes; pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills.

Environment international parties agreeing on: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation.

The two principal rivers are the Orontes and the Litani or Leontes. Nahr el Litani only major river in Near East not crossing an international boundary; rugged terrain historically helped isolate, protect, and develop numerous factional groups based on religion, clan, and ethnicity.